Much of the project is about simple programming of the 3x3x3 LED cube, but it’s importantit was also to be fun. The essence of programming is that + 5V is connected to a column and -5V is connected to a row.

The positive legs of the LEDs should be connected per column, the negative
one on each floor.
EXPANDED TECHNICAL DETAILS
Volumetric 3D Graphics Interface
A classic hardware project that builds a 3-dimensional display using a grid of 27 LEDs, demonstrating the power of persistence-of-vision (POV) and multiplexing.
- Matrix Layer-Column Switching: The Arduino manages 3 "Layers" (Cathodes) and 9 "Columns" (Anodes). The firmware rapidly flashes through layers one-by-one, illuminating the correct columns for each layer to create a stable 3D image.
- Spatial Animation Engine: Includes a software library of 3D patterns, such as "Rain," "Spinning Plane," and "Expanding Box." Each animation is stored as a series of 27-bit frames in the Arduino's program memory.
Aesthetics
- Bit-Angle Modulation (BAM): (Advanced version) Uses high-speed switching to provide basic "Brightness Control" for individual LEDs within the cube, allowing for soft glows and fading effects.