This is still in the theory and thinking phase, but periodic updates will be coming (if that is available). This is my first time using Arduino and creating a project, so as you will detect, I am uncertain of a few things.

This project handles magnetic levitation to make a train float above a magnet track. That part isn't the tricky bit. I also want to make it self-propelling (still using magnets), which could be difficult. What I have decided so far is the following. I will have two tracks of magnets with the same polar side upwards, and the same polar side downwards from the train, to create magnetic levitation. The whole track will be above the ground, supported by 6 beams, to create a realistic model, but also for the next part. I will have guidance bars coming down from the train on each side of the track with two magnets on it. These will be in level with 2 different components on four different beams. These 4 beams will have a hall sensor and a grove electromagnet on them, connecting to an Arduino (Uno?) which is in the middle. The main principle being that when the hall effect sensor detects a magnetic field it will send a signal to the Arduino board, which will be programmed to turn on the electromagnet and as such creating a repulsion force, propelling the train forward.

Since I am new to Arduino I wanted to see if I could get some help with components and which board is better to use. I have found Grove, which should be an electromagnet, if I am not mistaken, and a Hall Effect Sensor which should detect changes, or simply a presence of a magnetic field. Then I am also unsure which Arduino board to use. I will try to learn how to programme an Arduino board myself, but of course any help is welcome.

EXPANDED TECHNICAL DETAILS

Electromagnetic Propulsion Interaction

The Arduino MagLev project explores the physics of magnetic levitation and friction-less transportation using digital PID control.

• Solenoid PWM Balancing: The Arduino monitors the train's position using Hall-Effect sensors. It then generates high-frequency PWM pulses to a series of electromagnets. By rapidly toggling the magnetic field strength, the Arduino maintains a stable 5mm "Air Gap" between the train and the track.
• PID Control Loop: Uses a Proportional-Integral-Derivative algorithm to prevent the train from oscillating or crashing into the track due to gravimetric forces or minor lateral vibrations.

Performance

• High-Current Driver Hub: Uses a H-Bridge or high-current MOSFET array to handle the inductive load of the electromagnets, isolating the delicate Arduino logic from high-voltage transients.