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Contactless Hygiene: Automatic Water Tap

The Automatic Water Tap is the exact technology you find in modern airports and mall bathrooms. It prevents the spread of germs on tap handles and drastically reduces water waste by shutting off the moment you step away.

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The Core Actuator: Solenoid Valve

Unlike a mechanical tap that you twist, this project uses an electro-mechanical Solenoid Valve.

  • Normally Closed (NC): Without power, a spring pushes a plunger down, blocking the water flow.
  • The Activation: When the Arduino detects hands via the IR Obstacle Sensor, it triggers a Relay.
  • The Flow: The Relay sends 12V to the Solenoid. The coil becomes an electromagnet, pulling the plunger up and allowing water to rush through instantly.

Essential Hardware

  • Arduino Uno/Nano: The logic controller.
  • IR Proximity Sensor: Mounted near the faucet spout.
  • 12V Solenoid Valve (1/2" or 3/4"): Must match your pipe size.
  • Tip120 Transistor or 1-Channel Relay: Essential for handling the 12V requirement of the solenoid.
  • External 12V Power Supply: The Arduino's 5V pin cannot power a solenoid.

Plumbing and Safety

Working with water and electricity requires caution. Ensure all your wiring is housed in a waterproof project box and use proper silicone sealant where necessary. This is an incredibly rewarding project that yields a high-utility household upgrade!

ข้อมูล Frontmatter ดั้งเดิม 

title: "Arduino Automatic Water Tap"
description: "Save water and stay hygienic! Build a contactless smart tap using an IR sensor and a solenoid valve that dispenses water only when hands are present."
category: "Home Automation"
difficulty: "Intermediate"