Instant Measurement: Digital Distance Meter

Ultrasonic distance meter works on a principle similar to radar or sonar which evaluates attribution of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively. Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor. Sensors calculate the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to an object.

A tape measure requires two people to bend over a physical space. The Digital Distance Meter is the defining "First Maker Tool." It combines the physical act of surveying with the mathematical capabilities of the Arduino and an HC-SR04 sonar array to simply "Ping" a wall, translating invisible sound echoes into precise metric decimal values on a display.

About Device

The system consists of only one main component, a microcontroller unit which acts as the brain of the system. Input and output components such as transmitter unit, receiver circuit, temperature control and LCD modules are connected to the system brain.The transmitter generates a 40 kHz signals and begin the transmission time together with the process of sending signals. While the signals begin to transmit through ultrasonic transducer, the microcontroller will capture the starting point of transmission time and hold it until the receiver gets the echo signal back. The signal will contact with any obstacle ahead and will bounce back to the receiver circuit. When the signal is back, the receiver must detect the echo signal, process & send to the microcontroller. The microcontroller will stop the transmission time immediately and will calculate the range using the transmission time and display the range on LCD modules. If the transmit signal cannot touch any obstacle in front it, or the time is very fast, the system will display error message on the LCD modules, indicate the range is not suitable for the system.

Pulse Math Translation (The Speed of Sound)

The entire code rests on an incredibly specific multiplier: 0.034 cm/us.

The Uno violently pulses the trigger pin for 10 microseconds. This triggers the HC-SR04 module to emit an actual 8-cycle burst of 40kHz ultrasound.
The code then uses the specialized <pulseIn()> function to listen on the echo pin.
This function freezes the Arduino processing until the microscopic microphone hears the sound bounce back! It returns the number of Microseconds that passed.
The Physics Factor: The speed of sound through room-temperature air is approximately 343 m/s or 0.0343 cm/µs.

Formula used: distance = (speed of sound * time) / 2

Speed of sound = 340m/s (or ~343 m/s at room temperature)

In code, this is implemented as: float distanceCM = (durationMicroseconds * 0.034) / 2; (Divide by 2 because the sound had to travel to the object and back!).

Pushing to Hardware Displays

Because the project is meant to be portable, a bulky 16x2 LCD can be replaced with a more compact option.

For a sleek, modern look, you can use an I2C 0.96" SSD1306 OLED.
Libraries like Adafruit_GFX and Adafruit_SSD1306 calculate custom graphical placement:

display.clearDisplay();
display.setTextSize(3); // Massive font!
display.setCursor(0,0);
display.print(distanceCM); display.print(" cm");
display.display(); // Blasts the invisible buffer to the screen!

Tape Measure Components

Arduino Nano (The tiniest form factor for an enclosure).
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sonar Module or VL53L0X Laser Time-of-Flight Sensor (If you require millimeter accuracy instead of centimeter!).
0.96" I2C OLED Display Module or a standard 16x2 LCD.
A 9V Battery or single 18650 LiPo stuffed into a fully 3D printed handheld enclosure resembling a Star Trek Phaser!

Advantages

Not affected by color or transparency of objects.
Can be used in dark environments.
Low-cost option.
Not highly affected by dust, dirt, or high-moisture environments.
They have greater accuracy than many other methods at measuring thickness and distance to a parallel surface.
Their high frequency, sensitivity, and penetrating power make it easy to detect external or deep objects.
Our ultrasonic sensors are easy to use and not dangerous during operation to nearby objects, people or equipment.
Our sensors easily interface with microcontrollers or any type of controller.

Demo video

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I hope you all enjoyed my project.