Maqui3000 (Quichua Language word Maqui meaning "hand") is an electronics prosthesis created for amputee people using easy and cheap materials and implementing an Arduino board.

This is a robotic prosthesis for a person with arm amputation, implementing Open Source technology from Arduino. It is an electronic card that does not require payment of licenses, nor has intellectual property limitations to be used. This prototype of prosthesis is created so that a person can fulfill basic tasks: take things, lift things, say hello. Over time the design of this prototype will evolve at the level of ergonomics and aesthetics for amputees of the arm who need this technology.

Technical Implementation: Control Logic and Actuation

The project reveals the interaction between user input, sensor data, and mechanical actuation:

• Input Layer: User commands or muscle signals (via EMG sensors) act as the primary input, initiating the prosthesis's movement sequences.
• Processing Layer: The Arduino Uno board serves as the central "brain," interpreting input signals and executing pre-programmed movement logic.
• Actuation Interface Layer: Servo motors or linear actuators provide the physical force required to move the prosthetic fingers and wrist, translating electronic commands into mechanical motion.
• Power Management Layer: A dedicated battery pack and power regulation circuitry ensure stable and safe operation of all electronic components, crucial for a wearable device.

Hardware Components

• Arduino Uno: The core microcontroller managing sensor input processing and coordinating actuator output.
• Servo Motors/Actuators: Providing the precise mechanical movement for grasping and positioning.
• EMG Sensors (Potential Expansion): For detecting muscle signals from the residual limb to control the prosthesis intuitively.
• Structural Frame: 3D-printed or custom-fabricated components that form the lightweight and durable body of the prosthetic hand.
• Breadboard/Protoboard: Used for initial circuit prototyping and reliable final connections.
• Power Supply: A rechargeable battery pack suitable for portable, all-day use.

Operational Overview

The prosthetic process is designed for intuitive use:

1. User Intent: The user initiates an action (e.g., wanting to grasp an object).
2. Signal Processing: This intent is captured (via a button, switch, or biosensor) and sent to the Arduino.
3. Command Execution: The Arduino runs the corresponding code routine, activating the appropriate motors in sequence.
4. Physical Action: The actuators move the prosthetic fingers to perform the desired task, such as a pinch or power grip.

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Future Expansion

• Enhanced Grip Patterns: Programming more complex and nuanced hand movements for manipulating a wider variety of objects.
• Sensory Feedback Integration: Adding sensors to the fingertips to provide the user with touch or pressure feedback.
• Wireless Control: Implementing Bluetooth connectivity for calibration or control via a smartphone interface.
• Advanced Material Integration: Using lighter, stronger materials and more efficient actuators to improve comfort, battery life, and strength.
• Machine Learning Customization: Implementing algorithms that allow the prosthesis to adapt and optimize its responses to the user's unique muscle signals over time.

Maqui3000 is a foundational project demonstrating how accessible technology can be harnessed to create impactful assistive devices.

[!IMPORTANT] When integrating actuators and motors, always ensure you have an appropriate external power supply regulated to the correct voltage to avoid damaging the Arduino board!

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