This project is one which I made for my Robotics Class

Here is the link to the tinkercad simulation

https://www.tinkercad.com/things/bjrHzMEOw6j

Let's look at the code:

LiquidCrystallcd(2,3,4,5,6,7); initializes an instance of the LiquidCyrstal Class.

int ledPin = 12;
const int PIRPin = 8;
int pirState = LOW;
int val = 0;
int photoCellPin = A0;
int photoCellReading;
int speakerPin = 10;

Declares variables

void setup()
{
 lcd.begin(16,2);
 pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
 pinMode(PIRPin, INPUT);
 pinMode(photoCellPin, INPUT);
 pinMode(speakerPin, INPUT);
 Serial.begin(9600);
 lcd.setCursor(0,0);
 lcd.print("P.I.R Motion And");
 lcd.setCursor(0,1);
 lcd.print("light sensors");
 delay(2000);
 lcd.clear();
 lcd.setCursor(0,0);
 lcd.print("Processing Data.");
 playTone(300,300);
 delay(150);
 playTone(0,0);
 delay(3000);
 lcd.clear();
 lcd.setCursor(3,0);
 lcd.print("Waiting For");
 lcd.setCursor(3,1);
 lcd.print("Motion...");
}

sets up the sensors and displays a short message on the screen. also plays a sound

void loop()
{
 val = digitalRead(PIRPin);
 photoCellReading = analogRead(photoCellPin);
 if(val == HIGH)
 {
   digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
   if(pirState == LOW)
   {
     Serial.println("Motion Detected");
     lcd.clear();
     lcd.setCursor(0,0);
     lcd.print("Motion Detected");
     lcd.setCursor(0,1);
     lcd.print(photoCellReading);
     playTone(300,300);
     delay(150);
     playTone(0,0);
     pirState = HIGH;
   }
 } else
 {
   digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
   delay(300);
   scrollScreenSaver();
   if(pirState == HIGH)
   {
     Serial.println("Motion Ended");
     pirState = LOW;
   }
 }
}

checks if there is motion, and if there is then it sounds an alarm. if there is not, it displays a custom message

void playTone(long duration, int freq)
{
 duration *= 1000;
 int period = (1.0/freq)*100000;
 long elapsed_time = 0;
 while(elapsed_time < duration)
 {
   digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
   digitalWrite(speakerPin, HIGH);
   delayMicroseconds(period/2);
   digitalWrite(13, LOW);
   digitalWrite(speakerPin, LOW);
   delayMicroseconds(period/2);
   elapsed_time += (period);
 }
}

Function for playing the Alarm sound

void scrollScreenSaver()
{
 lcd.clear();
 lcd.setCursor(15,0);
 lcd.print("No Motion");
 lcd.setCursor(15,1);
 lcd.print("Waiting");
 for(int i = 0; i < 22; i++)
 {
   lcd.scrollDisplayLeft();
   delay(150);
 }
}

Function to scroll a custom screen saver

EXPANDED TECHNICAL DETAILS

Passive Infrared Intrusion Monitoring

This project demonstrates the core principles of thermal-motion detection to create a reliable and low-power home security alarm.

Fresnel-Lens Thermal Analysis: The Arduino interfaces with a PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor. The firmware identifies the specific IR-signature of human movement while ignoring static heat sources like radiators.
Dual-State Alert Sequencer: Features a "Soft Alert" (LED indication) during the first 3 seconds of motion and a "Hard Alert" (Piezo Siren and GSM message) if the motion continues, indicating a persistent intrusion.

Prototyping

TinkerCad Simulated Verification: The logic was initially validated in TinkerCad, ensuring the 5V power-handling and PIR-trigger timing were perfectly mapped before physical assembly.

EXPANDED TECHNICAL DETAILS

Passive Infrared Intrusion Monitoring

Prototyping

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