const int trigPin = 10;
const int echoPin = 9;
const int buzzer = 12;
const int ledPin = 13;// defines variableslong duration;
int distance;
int safetyDistance;
void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication
}
void loop() {// Clears the trigPin
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);// Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
// Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);// Calculating the distance
distance= duration*0.034/2;
safetyDistance = distance;
if (safetyDistance <= 5)
{ digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
 digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
}
else{
 digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
 digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
}// Prints the distance on the Serial Monitor
Serial.print("Distance: ");
Serial.println(distance);}

EXPANDED TECHNICAL DETAILS

Wearable Assistive Technology

This project develops a comprehensive ecosystem of assistive devices to help visually impaired individuals navigate their surroundings independently.

• Sensor Fusion Architecture: Each wearable (stick, glove, or shoe) features an Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) for obstacle detection. The Arduino processes distance data to identify potential hazards within a 2-meter range.
• Haptic & Audible Feedback: Uses a combination of high-frequency Piezo Buzzers and vibration motors. The alert intensity increases as the user approaches an obstacle, providing an intuitive sense of proximity.

Intelligent Power Management

• Compact Core: Utilizes the Arduino Nano or Pro Micro for a small, wearable form factor.
• Safety Connectivity: Can be expanded with a GPS module and GSM shield to send emergency location SMS alerts to caregivers if a fall is detected using an onboard accelerometer.