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obstacle-avoiding-robot-abb6fb.md

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🛠️ เจาะลึกเบื้องหลังการทำงาน (Deep Dive / Technical Analysis)

The Obstacle Avoiding Robot is one of the most iconic projects in the world of Arduino robotics. It combines distance sensing, logical decision-making, and motor control to create a machine that can explore its environment independently.

How It Navigates

The robot uses an HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor mounted on the front. This sensor works by emitting high-frequency sound waves and measuring the time it takes for them to bounce back from an object.

  1. Scanning: The robot drives forward until the sensor detects an object within a certain distance (e.g., 20cm).
  2. Stopping: It halts its movement.
  3. Deciding: It looks left and right (often using a servo to rotate the sensor) to check which path has more clearance.
  4. Turning: It turns towards the clearest path and resumes moving forward.

Key Hardware Components

  • Arduino Uno: Processes the sensor data and controls the motors.
  • L298N Motor Driver: Interfaces the Arduino with the high-power DC motors.
  • Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04): Measures distance to obstacles.
  • SG90 Servo Motor: Rotates the sensor to scan the surroundings.
  • Robot Chassis: A platform with wheels and gear motors.

Programming Logic

The code for this project revolves around a simple State Machine. By default, it is in the "Forward" state. When a distance threshold is breached, it enters the "Avoidance" state.

Using a motor driver like the L298N allows us to use PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) to control the speed of the robot, ensuring smooth turns instead of jerky, abrupt movements. This project is a fantastic stepping stone towards building complex autonomous vehicles or delivery robots.

ข้อมูล Frontmatter ดั้งเดิม 

title: "Obstacle avoiding robot"
description: "In this project, I built an obstacle avoiding robot using an ultrasonic sensor and an Arduino microcontroller."
author: "albertoz"
category: ""
tags:
  - "robot"
  - "robotics"
views: 20828
likes: 4
price: 299
difficulty: "Intermediate"
components:
  - "2x DC motor (generic)"
  - "1x Male/Male Jumper Wires"
  - "2x 9V Battery Clip"
  - "1x Servos (Tower Pro MG996R)"
  - "1x Female/Female Jumper Wires"
  - "1x Ultrasonic Sensor - HC-SR04 (Generic)"
  - "3x Breadboard (generic)"
  - "1x Male/Female Jumper Wires"
  - "2x Arduino UNO"
  - "2x 9V battery (generic)"
  - "1x Dual H-Bridge motor drivers L293D"
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lang: "en"